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The pieces;
The pawn:
It moves forwards, on their first move they can move up to two spaces, but after that they can only move one square, and despite their ability to only move forward, they capture diagonally, and to the front of them, as they cannot move backwards or sideways. If a piece is directly in front of them they cannot move past, or capture it.

The knight:
Which moves over three squares at a time, two squares in one direction, then another at a 90 degree angle, and are the only pieces that can move over other pieces.

The bishop:
The bishop can move as far as you like, although only in a diagonal direction. The two bishops cover up each others weakness, which is since they start on one colour or another, they can only stay on that colour, due to their diagonal movement.

The rook:
Can move as far as you like, although only in forwards, backwards, or to the sides, if you manage to keep hold of both to the end, they can be powerful pieces in unison.

The queen:
Literally the most powerful piece on the board, she can move in any direction; forwards, backwards, diagonally, or to the sides. As far as you like, until you run into one of your own pieces that is, and if she runs into an opponents piece, she must capture it, and her turn is over on the captured pieces square, like all other pieces.

The king:
Is the complete opposite of the queen, in that although it is the most important, it is the weakest. As the king can only move one square in any direction; forwards, backwards, sideways. The king can't move into a check, that is anywhere he could be captured.