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So very nearly there...

Since I couldn't possibly start and finish any properly explored topic during the amount of posts left, I'm going to carry on, in a fashion on the shorthand thing. Its all about translation, the re-reading of a particular word or phrase can be changed in its meaning depending on the time or place.

 

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Hi; American English, a greeting from 1862, originally used to attract attention, 15^th century, it is most likely believed to be a variation of middle English “hy”, which is also an exclamation to call attention. The extension to “hiya” is attested to 1940.
 

Salute; (noun) from 1400 century, “the act of saluting, a respectful gesture of greeting, salutation”. In the military sense, it is derived from 1690’s, more specifically the hadn to cap gesture is from 1832.Salutation; (noun) Old French, late 14^th century, meaning “greeting” from Latin “salutationem”, translated to “a greeting, saluting”. It is the present participle of “salutare”, “to greet” or “salute”. It is recorded from the 1530s, as a word of greeting.

Hail; (verb) “to call from a distance”, originally nautical, 1560’s. Also used as in “hail fellow well met” in 1580’s  as a familiar greeting.  Is also used as American English slang from 1850-1910 for “hell”.

Yo; first used as a greeting in 1859. Although the word is believed to be derived from a sailor’s or huntsman’s utterings from early 15^th century, In modern references, from WW2, as the word was often used when responding to roll calls.

Charm; (verb) as in “charmed” as a conversational reply to a greeting is attested by 1825.

Greeting; (noun) Old English, meaning: “salutation”. The first record of the use of “greeting card” is
1876.

Greet; (verb) Old English “gretan”meaning “to come in contact with”, both in the sense of attack and as welcome, along with to take hold of. Taken from West Germanic “grotjan”, Old Saxon “grotian, Old French, “Greta”, Old Dutch “Groeten”, Old High German “Gruosen”, German “Griiben”for “ to salute, or meet with.” Although It could originally be meant as “to resound”, “cause to speak”, due to the “Graetanan,” from Proto-Germanic, which is from the Old English “graetan” for “weep, or bewail”; “gher-“ meaning “to call out”. Greet can still mean “to cry”in Scottish and northern England, although most probably due to the possibility that “Graetan” could also the root of “regret”. 

Welcome; (noun) Old English, “wilcuma”, used as an kindly greeting, meaning “welcome guest”, which is literally to mean “one whose coming is in accord with another’s will”. As “willa” means pleasure, desire or choice”, and is combined with “cuma”, “guest”. It is recorded from 1530, “you’re welcome”, as a response to thank you is from 1907. The Welcome Mat is first recorded in 1951.

Dap; (noun) a fist-bump greeting. There are various origins of both the action and the meaning; In the U.S. it is popular in culture by 1972 and was accused as controversial when it was used in the Vietnam War when the solders used it, in an “act of black solidarity”. It is most likely an imitative as ‘dap’ was used in the 19^th century, for the bounce of a ball or the skip of a stone on water, although now it is listed as slang, 1950 for “aware, up to date” or “stylish, well-dressed”, the latter is elongated to “dapper.”

High-five; originally U.S. basketball slang in 1980 as a noun, then in 1981 as a verb, though the greet is actually perceived to be older, “the Producers”, Dick Shawn, 1968. As a reference to the five fingers of the hand.

Hello; from 1883 the alteration of “hallo”, which itself is taken from “holla”, as a shout to attract attention, seemingly going back to as far as we know to 1400. Old High German “halo, hola” meaning “to fetch”, used in hailing ferrymen namely. Fowler writes that “the multiplicity of forms is bewildering”. The greetings popularity overcame Bell’s suggestion of “ahoy” to answer the telephone due to coincidental timing. Central telephone exchange operators were known as “hello-girls”, 1889.