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as·tron·o·my

/əˈstrɒnəmi/ Show Spelled [uh-stron-uh-mee]   

noun; 

the science that deals with the material universe beyond the earth's atmosphere.

The word originates from 1175-1225 of middle English "astronomie"

Origin:
1175–1225; From the Middle English/Old french 'astrenomie', which can be derived from the Latin 'astronomia', which is seen in the Greek language also, which literally means "star arrangement", when divided into 'astron' for "star and 'nomos' meaning "arranging" or "regulating".

 

According to a Michael E. Bakich, whose article in learning how to observe the sky i found in “the world’s best-selling astronomy magazine” – Astronomy, that before you begin to look at the stars, you should know the sky in a “general sense.”

I’m not quite sure what he means either but he states that he means general as in that the “Earth rotates once a day and orbits the Sun once each year.” However that doesn’t really help. He asks that you “learn why the sky is the celestial sphere”, and that you read up on the moon phases.

However within another article by Alan M. MacRobert, “How to start right in Astronomy”, the same recommendation of learning the sky is offered. Although he claims that an “unaided eye” is required, which i believe requests you go outside and look up, just try to map out the stars generally without knowing them, then proceed to take a few star charts out and try to match them up.

I find this appeals to me more, however after my expedition into some close fields i find that with the light pollution i am unable to see anything in the clear ten o’clock sky, hence i sort of just skipped ahead to ransacking my local library for anything.

I took a quick scan through the internet on pages that recommended some interesting books that could be of use; The guardian, Goodreads, About.com, and asking just about any search engine for any recommendations of starting to learn astronomy.

Most pointed me either outdoors or to books, some to videos of ridiculously awesome stuff happening; like the red moon, others to stars signs and superstitious stuff, and others to how to begin guides of a random persons idea of how to start up which includes; using binoculars instead of getting a microscope outright, getting your own copies of star maps and visit a planetarium.

I've ordered some books and hopefully they will get here soon because the internet is lacking in truth for me to sift through.

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To avoid confusion in writing a word that may look the same as another, whilst context is usually the greatest helper to remove confusion, tricks of the trade can also be used. For example with the words 'these' and 'this' and 'those', which would be written the exact same way, however by by editing them so they lean in the direction of the vowel which is missing, a distintion may be achieved without any extra letters nor context.

this 




these


those


This is the point in which the very basics of Teeline shorthand has been achieved, hence all that follows is going to only get harder and more confusing, meaning this would either be a good time to panic and give up or to practise writing and reading shorthand before you continue. I will be taking the next week or so to do just that, as whilst i am writing this i know these same basics but i lack any confidence or speed at the time being. What am i going to write about on here? Well i'm going to take a look at some astronomy i think, before returning, just a general idea what the topic is actually about and how its used; not much and probably not interesting to any of the people who have viewed this at any point. Whether they got lost in the depths of the internet, or they were intending to look for something on shorthand and stumbled into a mad being talking to themselves. I hope the people who have viewed this are kind enough to understand the reasons for which this is being put on hold for and are willing to read this again when i return to the topic, or even better they stay and carry on reading as i indulge my curiousities.

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I should apologise for the lateness of this one, however i am fairly sure it wasn't my fault; i blame spacetime for being so slow and gridlocked today. (also that to avoid cavaties you should not eat 3 bags of cotton candy followed by two packets of haribos... it's not fun.)Special outlines; (again.. theres alot of these, however they are not really necessary, and are usually only used to increase the speed of writing by a few seconds.)

When writing the 'a' indicator, in the 't' position removes the need to write 't' at all, just as with 'sometimes' in .

- at



Another example is 'with' when written as 'wi' in the 't' position which omits the 'th'.

 - with



This can be applied to any character position, such as with the 'o' indicator in the 'f' area, to acknowledge the omission of the 'l' character in 'of'. (NOTE: 'off' is written 'of'.)

 - of



By changing the direction the 'h' slopes, to the left a little, it indicates the missing 'a', while also including the first line in the 'v' character into the line of the 'h'.

 - have


The word 'company' is reduced to 'co' as with longhand, which is to say that longhand slang can be translated and used in shorthand.

 - company

_____________________________________

- or


It should be noted that 'or' is or rather can be written with a single stroke, by using the complete 'o' vowel and curling the 'r' character from the top at the appropriate angle.

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Double Vowels:
If the situation occurs when two vowels begin a word, the use of only one, usually the strongest sounding or the first vowel is needed. However when a double vowel ends a word, only the strongest is
written.                                                                                                                (eager)
(unless)

Unless the double vowel alters the main sound of the word, they are treated as usual characters to keep the alteration complete.
(idea)

Medial Vowels:
The vowels in the middle of a word, aside from those who are usually omitted, the 'medial vowels' may be used to join two consonants easier. For example,

-Between two 's', (rises, classes[left to right])


-A 'b' followed by 'g' or 'n', (big, [underneath] band)




- Letter 'r' followed by 'm'.(remain, remove [l-r])


NOTE: Dipthong 'OY';
While being a consonant, the character 'y' can be used to represent the 'OY' sound at the end or middle of words.

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'Vowel indicators';
These are reduced forms of the full vowels, they are small-sized, and should be carefully written to be kept that way. Also the direction of the slant of the indicator should be correct else reading back will be difficult. (I was recommended to, at the beginning of writing with Teeline, to write the vowels at the top of each page.) It should also be noted that the vowel indicators should be written downwards, unless situation requires otherwise.

- A indicator

Generally written downwards, it is used for words with 'a', it is also used for words ending in 'ay' as 'y' is never used for an ending.

 The upwards form of the indicator is used with characters 'v', 'w' and 'x' in particular to provide a clear outline.

Whereas the full vowel 'a' is used before 'r' to remove any chance of confusing it with 'vr' combination, although it may also be used at the beginning of a word that starts with 'au' which will make it easier for reading back.

- E indicator
The second part of the full vowel 'e', the horizontal part, is used for making a clearer join with a downwards stroke,
and it is necessary to write the full vowel 'e' before the downstroke of another character for a clear outline.

It is also used for words ending in 'EY', however when 'v' follows 'e' the 'e' indicator is written disjoined above the 'v'.

- I indicator
It is written ypwards after ''h','m','n','p' and 'sh', and after an upwards 'l', which makes it clearer.
But the upwards 'I' is never used at the beginning of a word as that is used for 'a' also. This indicator may be used for the 'v' at the end of a word.

 - O indicator
Which is comprised of merely the bottom half of the 'o' character; described as being "shallower than a 'u' and only half the width of a 'w'". If the 'o' indicator is placed before or after an 'm' it is turned on its side, to be added to curve of the 'm'.

 - U indicator
Usually used at the beginning of a word, although the same as the 'e' indicator, they can rarely be confused. The 'u' character is used before 'p' and 's' to make a clearer outline, and usually when 'u' comes last in a word.

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Here we go, I apologise for yesterday, but anywho, these are the promised Teeline Vowels;

To begin with there are two types of vowels in Teeline; a 'full vowel' and a 'vowel indicator'. A 'Vowel indicator' is a note that is used at the start or end of a word(s), they are the reduced froms of full vowels.

The 'Full Vowels' have limited but particular uses, as vowels are generally removed from words when written in Teeline, however one of these uses are special outlines, they are written with their most common.

- A = able(to)/ability
It should be noted that the 't' for 'to' is included with the 'a' character, the confusion of 'able' or ability will be cleared up with context.

 - E = electric
This is a small-sized letter and should be carefully written so as not to confuse with the combinantion of 'HD'.

 - I = i/eye
This is another that should be carefully written, with its sloped lines and with an acute angle to avoid being mistaken for the 'v' character.

 - O = [there is no special outline for 'o', due to 's' being a special outline for 'south'.]
It is the same as ther character for 's', but dispite this it works, since 'o' is never used in words, as a vowels.

- U= you
This character should be narrow to avoid looking like a 'w'.

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I'm afraid I haven't much time today, hence how short it is, but i will make up for it with the promise of starting the Vowels tomorrow.

Digression -
The blending of characters;

- 'f' which can be blended like 's' as they follow the same sort of rules.




 'f' and 'r' are also a blending character although the 'f' becomes misshapen at the base, the opposite is also true;

 an 'r' and 'f' blend where the 'r' is written first and loops at the top to reverse and join halfway through the length of the 'r'. The use of a blend should depend on the situation, as sometimes it is easier or rather easier to read back when they are written as seperate characters.

The 'f' and 'l' blend where the 'f' is tucked into the curve of the 'l' just like the Teeline 's'. Hence keeping the proper shape of the characters is important to seperate them when reading back. The Teeline 'f' can also be merged with 'b', 'h', 'm', 'p' and 'w' to create quicker characters to write. They are not necessary to use, it's fine to write them seperately aswell.